Defibrillator comes from words de - fibrillation. Purpose use defibrillator to stop fibrillation, arrhythmias or cardiac arrest. Currently in Malaysian market monophasic defibrillator start be replace by semi-automated bi-phasic defibrillator.

Terms in success of delivery between monophasic and biphasic are equal. The differences between this two defibrillator are biphasic built in compact manner, light weight and delivery at low energy. Biphasic treats bidirectional positive and negative discharge. Less damage

to heart muscles.

Introduction Automated External Defibrillator(AED) is revolution to development defibrillator which easy to operate because it comes voice prompt command guide that operator and finally discharge. Operator with train using AED can operate while waiting paramedic to arrive because chances survival after heart attack reduce 10 percents and early defib could save lives.

Public Access Defibrillator(PAD) is normally places in crowd places such shopping complex, stadium, air port and etc. Maintenance free but need user maintenance regularly to ensure machine always ready to use when emergency is occurs.

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Always check ecg electrodes color coding because European and American using different color coding thats way sometimes after fixing with ECG simulator you got abnormal ECG signal because this color coding configurations.

Reusable electrodes can be use over and over but the only thing it is needs to be cleaned after used. Suction bulbs made from rubber and after sometimes need to be replace due wear and tear. Proper skin preparation need to be done in order to get good ECG result if not you will interference.

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ECG has 10 electrodes and produces 12 ECG leads reading. How is happen from 10 electrodes to 12 leads?

Bipolar electrodes

RA - right arm

LA - left arm

LL - Left leg

RL - Right Leg

Unipolar Electrodes

V1 V2 V3 V V5 V6

while 12 leads happen from 10 electrodes configurations

Lead I = Right arm - Left arm

Lead II = Right arm - Left Leg

Lead III = Left arm - Left Leg

Lead aVr = Left arm and Left leg - Right arm

Lead aVl = Left leg and Right arm - Left arm

Lead aVf = Left arm and Right arm - Left leg

Lead V1, V2, V3, V4, V5 and V6

12 Lead ECG Placement

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My company bought small pulse oximeter manufactured by Newtech. All functionality such graphical graph, heart rate, Oxygen saturation percentage and display in colour. The small unit operated with two AAA size battery. One button fitted on the top is use to change how the result to be viewed in 360 degree rotation.

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Working in imaging require strictly safety precaution to follows. A radiation worker requires to wear personal dosimeter to monitor personal dose exposure. In Malaysia personal dose exposure must not exceeded 50mSv per year for radiation worker while for public 1mSv per year. There are two type personal dosimetry in the market such as TLD(thermoluminescent dosimetry) and Film badge. Personal dose meter can be simple as film badge and need to wears for one month before send for analysis and new film will be given to use in new month. Results report film analysis will send to radiation worker for record. Film badge need to wear until you quit from imaging.

Personal Protection

Wearing personal protection equipment (PPE) such lead apron can protect x-ray exposure. X-ray radiation can be harm full especially radiation can alter human genetic and possibility of cancer but at the same time very useful to diagnosis any internal damages inside body such as broken bone, internal bleeding etc.

Dose Limitation

ALARA principles - As Low As Reasonable Achievable can be apply as follow:

3 Steps to achieve Dose Limitation

Shielding - wear lead aprons, cover behind lead wall or concrete with lead equivalent thickness

Time - less hour dose exposure

Distance - increase distance between operator and source of radiation

Lead Apron

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Electrocardiograph Term

Electrocardiograph is use to record ECG signal of the human heart. It is non invasive medical equipment which is good for diagnose heart disease. Most current of the Electrocardiograph are multichannel means that the ECG signal inputs can be recorded more than single channel. Electrocardiograph is using 10 electrodes12 leads ECG signal which connected through patient arms, legs and chest.

Recording of the ECG can be set manual or automatic mode and ECG results can be print out on thermal paper. The Electrocardiograph machine can be operated both AC and battery. Some of the enhance model comes with LCD display where ECG signal can be viewed. Electrocardiograph using Class I and type CF. No side effects or harm to patient who attached it is because the Electrocardiograph function to pick up of the ECG signal of the heart.

GE New Early Health Commercial - ECG MAC 400

Electrocardiograph Operation

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